Analysis Of Watchman By Alan Moore And Dave Gibbon

Take a moment to think of a superhero. What comes to mind? Superman, with his iconic pairing of a red cape and a blue suit, or perhaps Batman’s dark and mysterious bat costume? Now choose a female superhero, such as Wonder Woman. Revealing â€Å"armor† that barely protects anything besides her torso and wrists, and a focus on beauty and stereotypical femininity instead of functionality and her primary role as a strong, respected heroine. This same trend of sexualizing and looking down upon women is as rampant in current media as it is throughout Alan Moore and Dave Gibbon’s appraised graphic novel Watchman through the story’s negative and humiliating depictions of female superhero characters and their relationships. Watchmen reinforces these†¦show more content†¦According to an article on self defense, the six most effective ways to incapacitate an attacker are to strike the knees, groin, throat, jaw, nose, and eyes, five of which are entirely unp rotected and all of which are inadequately protected when Laurie wears her costume. This attire is obviously not designed to protect Laurie, who wore the outfit specifically to fight violent crime and would therefore often end up in dangerous interactions with criminals; instead, the outfit is meant to make an obvious point of Laurie’s femininity and sexuality as a woman. The costume’s focus on a sexualized female body is noticeable immediately, as it exposes her chest and legs and the sides of her breasts. The outfit even features heels that are entirely unrealistic in a fight. The costume continues to sexualize Laurie through the use of symbolism. The long cut down Laurie’s front (see Fig. 1) resembles an arrow pointing towards Laurie’s privates, giving the outfit an overwhelming theme of sexuality and an entire lack of functionality. Laurie’s outfit can be contrasted very easily to the male heroes’ costumes throughout the novel. Every hero costume a male character wears throughout Watchmen features at least some form of functionality (see Fig. 2); the Comedian’s attire features body armor, most noticeably covering his shoulders; Ozymandias s outfit is made mostly of some sort of metal for protection; Rorschach wears a simple dress shirt, a pair of slacks, and a long

Assurance and Auditing-Under the former system of controls, the

Essays on Assurance and Auditing-Under the former system of controls, the following misstatements were noted. Identify each of the following for EACH scenario Assignment Running Header: ASSURANCE AND AUDITING Assurance and auditing Introduction IT based program is better in accounting than manual one. However, it may lead to massive errors if necessary control application programs are not integrated. Scenario a A. The assertion that most relates to this scenario is the occurrence of purchase and cutoff assertions (Puncel, 2008). This is because a purchase that was done was recorded twice which means that a transaction that did not happen was recorded. The file was also recorded in a different week from which the transaction happened. B. The misstatement would lead to overstatement of expenses and accounts payable. Goods that have already been paid for will be charged again. C. To correct and avoid such this misstatement, an automated control program that will match the data file number and those saved in the master file, should be adopted. This program will prevent repeating file number that has been recorded earlier thus preventing the existence of such an error. A program that prompts the user for the date of the transaction should be integrated to make it more efficient. This will allow the person entering the data determine whether the documentation is outdated or up to date. Scenario b A. The relevant assertion that most relates to this situation is completeness of revenues (Puncel, 2008) because the product delivered is undercharged by quoting a lower price. The revenues earned from the transaction are thereby low than they should be. B. This will lead to understatement of sales and accounts receivable since a transaction was charged a small fee in the invoice than its true one on the catalogue. C. An automated application program that links the prices of products sold to the marked price should be implemented. It should match the product number in the invoice, and that found on the inventory. This application will inform the person preparing the account if he under of over quotes a product and provide a provision for discount allowed. It will only take a different figure from that on the inventory if the there is a cut which adds up to the marked price if added to the selling price. Scenario c A. This case fits well in the completeness of billing assertion since transactions were billed, but the billing was not recorded. B. The result of this is understatement of sales and accounts receivable since the billing of some goods delivered is not be recorded. It will also lead to overstatement of cash account since payment of the goods whose invoices were lost will not be accounted for. C. A possible remedy to this is to have a software program that will automatically match the shipping documents and the invoice documents. In case of omissions, the program will display a warning massage indicating the difference between the delivered products and the remunerations received. This will allow the accounting clerk to know which deliveries have not been billed and which have been billed. Scenario d A. This situation pertains to the completeness of expenditure assertion (Puncel, 2008). A fee that was supposed to be paid for inform of the commission was not recorded making the expenditures incomplete. B. The effect of this will be understatement of accounts payable and expenditure, due to failure to charge all costs of transacting. C. A possible solution to this will be the installation of an automated application that will link a transaction to all concerned departments. The application will display all the departments that are affected by a transaction automatically. It should also prohibit the closing of such a transaction before all the details of all the affected departments are entered. Where an error of omission is committed, a dialog box will pop up with an error massage which will prevent the occurrence of such an error. References Puncel, L. (2008). Audit Procedures. Chicago: CCH, 2007.

Arrangements Of The Commonwealth Constitution †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Arrangements Of The Commonwealth Constitution Divides The Economic Powers Between The Federal And State Governments Are Fair And Effective. Answer: The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia is one of the significant documents under the Constitution of the country, the later being the supreme legal authority of the country, under the framework of which the government of the country operates. One of the primary activities under this Commonwealth Constitution is the distribution of the powers among the federal government and the state government and also the distribution of the same among the different segments of the same government. There are several robust arguments in favor of the distribution and separation of these powers, which includes the legislative, judicial and executive powers. The primary objective being equal and efficient distribution of power as well as responsibilities such that there remains little rigidity in the administrative system and the welfare of the residents of the country is maximized (Nedham, 2012). Under the Commonwealth Constitution, the power distribution among the state and the federal governments in the country has been considerably impressive. In addition, the intra-distribution of the powers (legislative, judicial and executive) has been specifically efficient in the federal government level, as it has increased the flexibility of the same immensely. The distribution of the powers among the federal and the state governments also leads to empowerment of the latter. It enables them to take some crucial decisions specific to their regions, without waiting for the decisions to be taken only in the apex level, which takes time and is many times faulty and not subjective to the state for which it is made (Weill, 2014). However, the distribution of the powers within the states have been not as efficient till now as it has been in the federal level and this administrative aspect should be focused on by the concerned authorities of the country for maximizing the overall welfare of the citizens in the future. References Nedham, M. (2012).The Excellencie of a Free State: Or, The Right Constitution of a Commonwealth. Liberty Fund. Weill, R. (2014). the new commonwealth model of constitutionalism notwithstanding: on Judicial review and constitution-making.The American Journal of Comparative Law,62(1), 127-170.

The rate of smoking among HIV positive cases.

Proposed Title of the Research Study The efficacy of use of work groups in reducing the rate of smoking among HIV positive cases.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Rate of Smoking Among HIV Positive Cases. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Summary of the Proposed Study In summary this project intends to investigate the efficacy that group work among HIV positive smokers has in reducing their rate of smoking behavior and thereby inform on design of effective health programs that will achieve the same. To determine if use of group work among HIV positive smokers will be an effective strategy in reducing smoking habit among the target cases, then it is essential that this study establish if use of group work will be effective in reducing smoking behavior. Thus, this project will also find out if there is a correlation between group work and reduced rate of smoking among HIV positive cases. Purpose of the p roposed study The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact that work groups have among HIV positive smokers as far as their smoking behaviors is concerned. Hypothesis HA: Work group is an effective strategy of reducing smoking behavior among HIV positive cases who are smokers. Research Questions 1. Is use of work groups among HIV positive smokers an effective strategy that can be reliably used in reducing rate of smoking behavior among these cases?Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More 2. Does use of work groups among HIV positive smokers has any health benefits to them? Literature Review Since HIV Aids became a health issue in the early 1980s, there have been 60 million cases that are approximated to have been infected with the disease while another 25 million are estimated to have died because of the disease (UNAIDS, 2010; UNESCAP, 2010). Among these cases more t han 67% of all HIV infections occur in Africa which sadly accounts for more than 90% of all new HIV infections that occur among children (Kent, 2010). In addition, majority of HIV cases are comprised of young people for whom we know the smoking prevalence to be exceptionally high. Cigarette smoking among HIV positive cases has adverse health implications for several reasons; one, because HIV among pregnant women occurs at already very high rates, then smoking among HIV positive pregnant women becomes critical as it worsens the health condition of both the mother and the newborn (Thebody.org, 2010). Secondly, cigarette smoking among HIV positive subjects worsens tuberculosis condition among infected cases and is itself a risk factor for tuberculosis disease (WHO, 2010). This is when you consider that tuberculosis is the number one cause of death for persons infected with HIV AIDs (Nooritajer, 2008); in Sub-Saharan Africa, tuberculosis related complications are the cause for 30% death s among the 25 million peoples infected with HIV (Unicef, 2010). In 2008, tuberculosis related deaths were responsible for approximately 1.8 million deaths worldwide which translates to 5,000 persons in a day (Lynn, 2010); while another 2 billion people are estimated to be infected by the WHO, making it by far the worst public health crisis that had ever affected humanity (2010). Finally, cigarette smoking directly and adversely affects fetuses and children in general not to mention even adults through indirect smoke (Thedccentre.com, 2010). Thus, any health program that is aimed at curbing the rate of cigarette smoking among HIV positive cases will go a long way towards preventing all these health concerns among the target cases. Research Methodology The research design for this research will be a cohort study that utilizes use of questionnaire as well as desk-based review of relevant literature. Desk based research will analyze the existing literature on the same topic of HIV case s and the efficacy of group work in reducing smoking habit.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Rate of Smoking Among HIV Positive Cases. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Depending on the group sizes survey research design can also be used; survey research designs involve data collection from a specified sample size in order to arrive at an accurate assessment of the whole population regarding specific variables that the study intends to find out (Babbie, 1992; Newman, 1994). As such survey research study is most suitable in studies that involve investigation of opinions, behaviors, attitudes, perceptions, culture orientation and so on which is similar to what we shall be investigating in this case (Adams and Schvaneveldt, 1985; Shuttleworth, 2010). That is the impact that work groups have in influencing HIV positive cases from heightened level of smoking. Survey research study is especially suited to t his type of study since it is possible to customize the research study to focus on key areas of interest (Kovacs, 1985; Leedy, 1993). Additionally, questionnaires will be used to collect data on key variables of the research study which would be targeted at the two groups of individuals; the HIV positive smokers participating in work groups (cases) and HIV positive smokers not participating in work groups whom in this case will be the control group. For this reason, this research will be designed in a form of cohort study where cases from both categories will be followed up over time to determine if the HIV positive smokers participating in work groups do indeed have reduced spans of smoking compared to those who don’t participate in work groups. Significance of the research This research study is relevant in that it will lead to formulation of effective strategies that will enable caregivers design programs for HIV positive cases that are meant to empower them reduce their s moking habits. More importantly, the findings of this research study will go a long way towards improving the overall health of HIV positive smokers and thereby reduce the chances of health complications among these cases. Generally, the implications of research findings that will be obtained from this study are many and include strengthening of health programs aimed at HIV positive smokers as well as generation of crucial information that will increase the available literature review in this field of study. Ethical considerations This research study will conform with relevant laws that governs all form of research studies at both local and international levels. Permits and licenses will be applied and relevant authorities informed beforehand so as to obtain their consent well on time.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Because this research study will involve use of questionnaires among human subjects I intend to guarantee the privacy of respondent and their feedback in accordance with the international standards of research studies. Anticipated problems and limitations Like all other research studies, this too will be limited by issues of time and costs; because time and cost factors impacts on the final results of a study, this research study will be limited in both its breadth and depth and generalization of the findings might not be applicable in a wide scale. Finally, there is possibility of other factors that could negatively or positively impact on smoking habits among study subjects which are likely to interfere with my research questions as they will compound the variables that I will be investigating. References Adams, G. Schvaneveldt, K. (1985). Understanding Research Methods. New York, NY; Longman Inc. Babbie, E. (1992). The Practice of Social Research. California, CA; Wadswork Publis hing Company. Kovacs, A. (1985). The Research Process: Essential of Skill Development. Philadelphia. Davis Company. Kent, J. (2010). Statistics: HIV AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis. Retrieved from http://www.flowjo.com/home/africa/statistics.html Lynn, J. (2010). Malaria AIDS, TB in Retreat-Global Fund. Retrieved from http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/LDE6271IG.html Leedy, P. (1993). Practical Research: Planning and Design. New York, NY; Macmillan Publishing Company. Nooritajer M. (2008). Review of tuberculosis. Middle East Journal of Nursing, 2(2): 542-563. Newman, L. (1994). Social Research Methods. Boston; Allys Bacons. Shuttleworth, M. (2010). Pretest-Posttest Research Designs. Retrieved from http://www.experiment-resources.com/pretest-posttest-designs.html. Thedccentre.com. (2010). Smoking and HIV Aids. Retrieved from http://www.thedccenter.org/facts_smokinghiv.html Thebody.org. (2010). Cigarette Smoking and HIV Aids. Retrieved from http://www.thebody.com/index/treat/smo king.html Unicef. (2010). The Africa malaria and TB report. Retrieved from http://www.rollbackmalaria.org/amd2003/amr2003/pdf/amr2003.pdf UNESCAP. (2010). Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases. Retrieved from http://www.mdgasiapacific.org/files/shared_folder/documents/fs_sea_mdg_goal6.pdf UNAIDS. (2010). Middle East and North Africa: AIDS epidemic update Regional  Summary. Retrieved from http://data.unaids.org/pub/Report/2008/jc1531_epibriefs_mena_en.pdf WHO. (2010). Tuberculosis. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs104/en/ This research paper on The Rate of Smoking Among HIV Positive Cases. was written and submitted by user Bella M. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.